Self-Determination Models in Europe: Practical Experiences

Legal gender recognition procedures reduce systemic marginalisation, discrimination and violence of trans people. States in Europe are required to provide for it and have quick, accessible, transparent procedures in place, that are based on self-determination and that are free from physical abuse.The fact that only few trans people make use of gender recognition procedures hints towards problems. "Around three in four trans individuals (78%) living in the EU have not changed their legal gender." This is mostly related to gender recognition procedures being arbitrary, inaccessible, featuring abusive requirements, and only offering the choice between 'male' and 'female' gender markers. Besides non-binary people, minors and migrants (non-citizens) are too often not able to access gender recognition procedures. Also, most self-determination models are still excluding these groups. Future reforms will hopefully make them accessible for anyone who needs them, irrespective of their gender identity, age, or migration status.This publication investigates practical experiences of self-determination models in Europe, looking into frequently asked questions on statistics of usage, problems with implementation, wider negative and positive implications as well as specific aspects relating to non-binary people, minors, and migrants

Organización del marketing

Una empresa en un sistema de economía de mercado solamente puede subsistir a la larga cuando logra tanto la satisfacción sostenible del cliente como también ventajas competitivas. ¿Puede organizarse una orientación al mercado de la empresa con estos objetivos? En esta contribución se demuestra que existen diferentes formas de organización estructural que más o menos son apropiadas para crear una proximidad al cliente. En épocas recientes crece en importancia la organización por procesos. Contribuye a coordinar los procesos en el conjunto de la empresa y también en la colaboración con otros socios externos orientándose a la demanda. Y aquí juegan un papel importante las modernas técnicas de información y comunicación. Esta contribución cierra con la acotación de aspectos específicos de una organización internacional de marketing. Se plantea también además cuáles son las condiciones que tienen que darse para que pueda lograrse un cambio eficiente en las formas de organización

Organización del marketing

Una empresa en un sistema de economía de mercado solamente puede subsistir a la larga cuando logra tanto la satisfacción sostenible del cliente como también ventajas competitivas. ¿Puede organizarse una orientación al mercado de la empresa con estos objetivos? En esta contribución se demuestra que existen diferentes formas de organización estructural que más o menos son apropiadas para crear una proximidad al cliente. En épocas recientes crece en importancia la organización por procesos. Contribuye a coordinar los procesos en el conjunto de la empresa y también en la colaboración con otros socios externos orientándose a la demanda. Y aquí juegan un papel importante las modernas técnicas de información y comunicación. Esta contribución cierra con la acotación de aspectos específicos de una organización internacional de marketing. Se plantea también además cuáles son las condiciones que tienen que darse para que pueda lograrse un cambio eficiente en las formas de organización

Fluorescence-excitation and emission spectroscopy on single FMO complexes

In green-sulfur bacteria sunlight is absorbed by antenna structures termed chlorosomes, and transferred to the RC via the Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) complex. FMO consists of three monomers arranged in C3 symmetry where each monomer accommodates eight Bacteriochlorophyll a (BChl a) molecules. It was the first pigment-protein complex for which the structure has been determined with high resolution and since then this complex has been the subject of numerous studies both experimentally and theoretically. Here we report about fluorescence-excitation spectroscopy as well as emission spectroscopy from individual FMO complexes at low temperatures. The individual FMO complexes are subjected to very fast spectral fluctuations smearing out any possible different information from the ensemble data that were recorded under the same experimental conditions. In other words, on the time scales that are experimentally accessible by single-molecule techniques, the FMO complex exhibits ergodic behaviour

They See Me Rollin': Inherent Vulnerability of the Rolling Shutter in CMOS Image Sensors

In this paper, we describe how the electronic rolling shutter in CMOS image sensors can be exploited using a bright, modulated light source (e.g., an inexpensive, off-the-shelf laser), to inject fine-grained image disruptions. We demonstrate the attack on seven different CMOS cameras, ranging from cheap IoT to semi-professional surveillance cameras, to highlight the wide applicability of the rolling shutter attack. We model the fundamental factors affecting a rolling shutter attack in an uncontrolled setting. We then perform an exhaustive evaluation of the attack's effect on the task of object detection, investigating the effect of attack parameters. We validate our model against empirical data collected on two separate cameras, showing that by simply using information from the camera's datasheet the adversary can accurately predict the injected distortion size and optimize their attack accordingly. We find that an adversary can hide up to 75% of objects perceived by state-of-the-art detectors by selecting appropriate attack parameters. We also investigate the stealthiness of the attack in comparison to a na\"{i}ve camera blinding attack, showing that common image distortion metrics can not detect the attack presence. Therefore, we present a new, accurate and lightweight enhancement to the backbone network of an object detector to recognize rolling shutter attacks. Overall, our results indicate that rolling shutter attacks can substantially reduce the performance and reliability of vision-based intelligent systems.Comment: 15 pages, 15 figure